Brain tumors arise from cellular abnormalities in the brain—one of the most complex and vital organs of the central nervous system. These tumors can be benign or malignant and may lead to serious, life-threatening problems. They can occur in individuals of all ages, and their symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s type, location, and size. In this article written by Brain Surgeon Özgür Taşkapılıoğlu, who serves in Bursa, you will find detailed information about the causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment methods of brain tumors.
What is a Brain Tumor?
A brain tumor is the result of abnormal growth or uncontrolled multiplication of cells in the brain.
Primary Brain Tumors: These are tumors that originate in the brain. For example, gliomas and meningiomas fall into this category.
Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors: These arise from cancer cells that have spread to the brain from another part of the body. This type of tumor is usually malignant.
Brain tumors are also classified based on their growth rate and the tissues they affect. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes tumors into grades 1 through 4.
What are the Causes of Brain Tumors?
Although the exact causes of brain tumors are not fully understood, certain factors may contribute to an increased risk:
Genetic Factors: Individuals with a family history of brain tumors may have an increased risk.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to radiation and prolonged contact with certain chemicals.
Weakened Immune System: People with a weakened immune system are at a higher risk for tumors.
What are the Symptoms of Brain Tumors?
The symptoms of brain tumors vary depending on the tumor’s size, location, and the pressure it exerts. Common symptoms include:
1. Headaches: Intensifying headaches, especially in the morning, that worsen over time.
2. Nausea and Vomiting: Unexplained nausea and vomiting, which may indicate increased intracranial pressure.
3. Seizures: The sudden onset of seizures in an individual with no prior history.
4. Vision Problems: Double vision, blurred vision, or loss of vision.
5. Cognitive and Behavioral Changes: Difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and personality changes.
6. Motor Function Impairments: Weakness in the arms or legs, or loss of coordination.
7. Speech and Hearing Problems: Difficulty speaking or hearing loss.
These symptoms can be associated with other conditions, but persistent issues should be evaluated by a specialist.
How is a Brain Tumor Diagnosed?
Various methods are used to diagnose a brain tumor:
1. Neurological Examination:
Evaluation of reflexes, muscle strength, vision, and hearing functions.
2. Imaging Techniques:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The most commonly used method to determine the location and size of the tumor.
Computed Tomography (CT): Preferred especially for evaluating bone structures.
3. Biopsy:
A tissue sample is taken to determine the type and grade of the tumor.
4. PET Scan:
Assesses the metabolic activity of the tumor.
What are the Treatment Methods for Brain Tumors?
The treatment of brain tumors is planned based on the tumor’s type, grade, location, and the patient’s overall health.
1. Surgical Intervention:
Performed to completely or partially remove the tumor. Surgery is generally the first choice for benign tumors.
2. Radiotherapy:
Uses high-energy rays to destroy tumor cells. Technologies such as Gamma Knife offer effective results in sensitive areas.
3. Chemotherapy:
Medication is used to shrink tumor cells or stop their growth. It is often preferred in children.
4. Targeted Therapies:
Treatments tailored to the molecular characteristics of the tumor.
5. Supportive Care:
Medications such as steroids and anticonvulsants are used to alleviate the symptoms.
Are There Ways to Prevent Brain Tumors?
While it is not possible to completely prevent brain tumors, certain precautions may reduce the risk:
Healthy Diet: Opt for a diet rich in antioxidants.
Avoidance of Radiation Exposure: Avoid unnecessary medical imaging and environmental radiation.
Regular Check-ups: If there is a family history of tumors, do not neglect regular health screenings.
What are the Psychological Effects of Brain Tumors?
Patients diagnosed with a brain tumor and their families may face psychological challenges in addition to physical problems. Anxiety, depression, and social isolation are common during this process. Psychological support and rehabilitation play an important role in enhancing the patient’s quality of life.
Despite being a complex medical condition, brain tumors can be managed with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment methods. Surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and next-generation treatment methods can make a significant difference in increasing both the lifespan and quality of life for patients. If you notice any symptoms related to your brain health, do not hesitate to consult a neurology or brain surgery specialist. Regular check-ups are essential for a healthy life. Brain Surgeon Özgür Taşkapılıoğlu wishes you good health.